People have been building energy efficient homes for thousands of years. The Pueblo people of the mid-west utilized south facing cliffs to build their homes into, thus utilizing the sun for heating.  Today we can combine this ancient knowledge with new and innovative building techniques to achieve increased energy efficiency.

There is a lot of talk about green building, Energy Star rated homes, North Carolina Healthy Built Homes, and countless other certifications.  These certifications act as both a marketing tool, and more important a method of establishing standards. A homeowner knows what they are getting if a home has been certified by a particular program.  As a builder, and supporter of innovative energy solutions, I often get asked if I build Energy Star homes.  The answer is always yes, and followed by a brief explanation of how much more can be done to establish an energy efficient home.

First to consider is the design of the home.  Most of a homeowner’s time is spent in the living room, kitchen, or home office.  These rooms should be located on the south side of the home to utilize solar heat gain.  Bedrooms, utility rooms, and bathrooms should be located on the north side of the home. 

Second to consider is the placement of the home on the lot.  The ideal placement of a home would be to orient the long side of the home facing south.  This side of the home should include most of the windows to utilize the heat gain from the sun.  The north side receives no direct solar gain and should have minimal windows and doors since they will only act to decrease energy efficiency.

Third to consider is the type of window, insulation, and method of sealing out air infiltration.  Double glazed windows are a standard in today’s market. The air space between the glass acts as insulation. Filling this space with an inert gas such as Argon increases the insulation qualities.  Installing the correct amount and kind of insulation in the walls, and ceilings, is a major priority.  Building codes require certain R values for a home.  Upgrading to higher R values can help achieve higher efficiency.  Sealing a home correctly includes using caulking around doors, and windows, installing a house wrap correctly, and also sealing around exterior wall protrusions such as electrical outlets, and switch plates.  It is ideal to seal a home tightly so that no uncontrolled air is brought inside.  Air exchangers, and fresh-air intakes allow fresh air to circulate throughout the home in a controlled manor, and keep the air healthy. 

Fourth to consider is the efficiency of the appliances used.  Look for Energy Star rated refrigerators, ovens, stoves, washers, dryers, and etc. Instead of installing a traditional water heater, upgrade to a tank less water heater. Ensure that the HVAC system being installed is efficient and sized properly. Low voltage light fixtures and efficient bulbs should be used to decrease your home’s energy needs.

Many of theses points need to be addressed early, before any building begins.  Make sure to consult your builder and architect before you have your plans drawn.  Many of these techniques can be incorporated with a small increase in cost.  Remember, if the builder is a true supporter of building efficient, and not just trying to market a certain product, they will be happy and enthused to help a customer achieve their dream home without tacking on high upgrade fees.